Web Development Essentials Exam 030 Objectives

Exam Objectives Version: 1

Exam Code: 030-100

About Objective Weights: Each objective is assigned a weighting value. The weights indicate the relative importance of each objective on the exam. Objectives with higher weights will be covered in the exam with more questions.

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031 Software Development and Web Technologies

031.1 Software Development Basics (weight: 1)

Weight	1
Description	The candidate should be familiar with the most essential concepts of software development and be aware of important programming languages.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand what source code is
Understand the principles of compilers and interpreters
Understand the concept of libraries
Understand the concepts of functional, procedural and object-oriented programming
Awareness of common features of source code editors and integrated development environments (IDE)
Awareness of version control systems
Awareness of software testing
Awareness of important programming languages (C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, PHP)

031.2 Web Application Architecture (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should understand common standards in web development technology and architecture.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand the principle of client and server computing
Understand the role of web browsers and be aware of commonly used web browsers
Understand the role of web servers and application servers
Understand common web development technologies and standards
Understand the principles of APIs
Understand the principle of relational and non-relational (NoSQL) databases
Awareness of commonly used open source database management systems
Awareness of REST and GraphQL
Awareness of single-page applications
Awareness of web application packaging
Awareness of WebAssembly
Awareness of content management systems

Files, terms, and utilities:

Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer
HTML, CSS, JavaScript
SQLite, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL
MongoDB, CouchDB, Redis

031.3 HTTP Basics (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	The candidate should be familiar with the basics of HTTP. This includes understanding HTTP headers, content types, caching, and status codes. Furthermore, the candidate should understand the principles of cookies and their role for session handling and be aware of advanced HTTP features.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand HTTP GET and POST methods, status codes, headers and content types
Understand the difference between static and dynamic content
Understand HTTP URLs
Understand how HTTP URLs are mapped to file system paths
Upload files to a web server’s document root
Understand caching
Understand cookies
Awareness of sessions and session hijacking
Awareness of commonly used HTTP servers
Awareness of HTTPS and TLS
Awareness of web sockets
Awareness of virtual hosts
Awareness of common HTTP servers
Awareness of network bandwidth and latency requirements and limitations

Files, terms, and utilities:

GET, POST
200, 301, 302, 401, 403, 404, 500
Apache HTTP Server (“httpd”), NGINX

032 HTML Document Markup

032.1 HTML Document Anatomy (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should understand the anatomy and syntax of an HTML document. This includes creating basic HTML documents.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Create a simple HTML document
Understand the role of HTML
Understand the HTML skeleton
Understand the HTML syntax (tags, attributes, comments)
Understand the HTML head
Understand meta tags
Understand character encoding

Files, terms, and utilities:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<body>
<meta>, including the charset (UTF-8), name and content attributes

032.2 HTML Semantics and Document Hierarchy (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should be able to create HTML documents with a semantic structure.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Create markup for contents in an HTML document
Understand the hierarchical HTML text structure
Differentiate between block and inline HTML elements
Understand important semantic structural HTML elements

Files, terms, and utilities:

<h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>
<p>
<ul>, <ol>, <li>
<dl>, <dt>, <dd>
<pre>
<blockquote>
<strong>, <em>, <code>
<b>, <i>, <u>
<span>
<div>
<main>, <header>, <nav>, <section>, <footer>

032.3 HTML References and Embedded Resources (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should be able to link an HTML document with other documents and embed external content, such as images, videos and audio in an HTML document.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Create links to external resources and page anchors
Add images to HTML documents
Understand key properties of common media file formats, inlcuding PNG, JPG and SVG
Awareness of iframes

Files, terms, and utilities:

id attribute
<a>, including the href and target (_blank, _self, _parent, _top) attributes
<img>, including the src and alt attributes

032.4 HTML Forms (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should be able to create simple HTML forms containing input elements of various types.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Create simple HTML forms
Understand HTML form methods
Understand HTML input elements and types

Files, terms, and utilities:

<form>, including the method (get, post), action, and enctype attributes
<input>, including the type (text, email, password, number, date, file, range, radio, checkbox, hidden) attribute
<button>, including the type (submit, reset, hidden, button) attribute
<textarea>
common form element attributes (name, value, id)
<label>, including the for attribute

033 CSS Content Styling

033.1 CSS Basics (weight: 1)

Weight	1
Description	The candidate should understand the various ways to style an HTML document using CSS. This includes the structure and syntax of CSS rules.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Embedding CSS within an HTML document
Understand the CSS syntax
Add comments to CSS
Awareness of accessibility features and requirements

Files, terms, and utilities:

HTML style and type (text/css) attributes
<style>
<link>, including the rel (stylesheet), type (text/css) and src attributes
;
/*,*/

033.2 CSS Selectors and Style Application (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	The candidate should be able to use selectors in CSS and understand how CSS rules are applied to elements within an HTML document.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Use selectors to apply CSS rules to elements
Understand CSS pseudo-classes
Understand rule order and precedence in CSS
Understand inheritance in CSS

Files, terms, and utilities:

element; .class; #id
a, b; a.class; a b;
:hover, :focus
!important

033.3 CSS Styling (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should use CSS to add simple styles to the elements of an HTML document.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand fundamental CSS properties
Understand units commonly used in CSS

Files, terms, and utilities:

px, %, em, rem, vw, vh
color, background, background-*, font, font-*, text-*, list-style, line-height

033.4 CSS Box Model and Layout (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should understand the CSS box model. This includes defining the position of elements on a website. Additionally, the candidate should understand the document flow.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Define the dimension, position and alignment of elements in a CSS layout
Specify how text flows around other elements
Understand the document flow
Awareness of the CSS grid
Awareness of responsive web design
Awareness of CSS media queries

Files, terms, and utilities:

width, height, padding, padding-*, margin, margin-*, border, border-*
top, left, right, bottom
display: block | inline | flex | inline-flex | none
position: static | relative | absolute | fixed | sticky
float: left | right | none
clear: left | right | both | none

034 JavaScript Programming

034.1 JavaScript Execution and Syntax (weight: 1)

Weight	1
Description	The candidate should be able to execute JavaScript files and inline code from an HTML document and understand basic JavaScript syntax.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Run JavaScript within an HTML document
Understand the JavaScript syntax
Add comments to JavaScript code
Access the JavaScript console
Write to the JavaScript console

Files, terms, and utilities:

<script>, including the type (text/javascript) and src attributes
;
//, /* */
console.log

034.2 JavaScript Data Structures (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	The candidate should be able to use variables in JavaScript code. This includes understanding values and data types. Furthermore, the candidate should understand assignment operators and type conversion and be aware of variable scope.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Define and use variables and constants
Understand data types
Understand type conversion/coercion
Understand arrays and objects
Awareness of the variable scope

Files, terms, and utilities:

=, +, -, *, /, %, –, ++, +=, -=, *=, /=
var, let, const
boolean, number, string, symbol
array, object
undefined, null, NaN

034.3 JavaScript Control Structures and Functions (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	The candidate should be able to use control structures in JavaScript code. This includes using comparison operators. Furthermore, the candidate should be able to write simple functions and understand function parameters and return values.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand truthy and falsy values
Understand comparison operators
Understand the difference between loose and strict comparison
Use conditionals
Use loops
Define custom functions

Files, terms, and utilities:

if, else if, else
switch, case, break
for, while, break, continue
function, return
==, !=, <, <=, >, >=
===, !==

034.4 JavaScript Manipulation of Website Content and Styling (weight: 2)

Weight	2
Description	The candidate should understand the HTML DOM. This includes manipulating HTML elements and CSS properties through the DOM using JavaScript as well as using DOM events in simple scenarios.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand the concept and structure of the DOM
Change the contents and properties of HTML elements through the DOM
Change the CSS styling of HTML elements through the DOM
Trigger JavaScript functions from HTML elements

Files, terms, and utilities:

document.getElementById(), document.getElementsByClassName(), document.getElementsByTagName(),document.querySelector(), document.querySelectorAll()
innerHTML, setAttribute(), removeAttribute() properties and methods of DOM elements
classList, classList.add(), classList.remove(), classList.toggle() properties and methods of DOM elements
onClick, onMouseOver, onMouseOut attributes of HTML elements

035 NodeJS Server Programming

035.1 NodeJS Basics (weight: 1)

Weight	1
Description	The candidate should understand the basics of NodeJS. This includes running a local development server as well as understanding the concept of NPM modules.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Understand the concepts of Node.js
Run a NodeJS application
Install NPM packages

Files, terms, and utilities:

node [file.js]
npm init
npm install [module_name]
package.json
node_modules

035.2 NodeJS Express Basics (weight: 4)

Weight	4
Description	The candidate should be able to create a simple dynamic website with the Express web framework. This includes defining simple Express routes as well as serving dynamic files through the template engine EJS.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Define routes to static files and EJS templates
Serve static files through Express
Serve EJS templates through Express
Create simple, non-nested EJS templates
Use the request object to access HTTP GET and POST parameters and process data submitted through HTML forms
Awareness of user input validation
Awareness of cross-site Scripting (XSS)
Awareness of cross-site request forgery (CSRF)

Files, terms, and utilities:

express and body-parser node module
Express app object
app.get(), app.post()
res.query, res.body
ejs node module
res.render()
<% … %>, <%= … %>, <%# … %>, <%- … %>
views/

035.3 SQL Basics (weight: 3)

Weight	3
Description	The candidate should be able to create individual tables in an SQLite database and add, modify and delete data using SQL. Furthermore, the candidate should be able to retrieve data from individual tables and execute SQL queries from NodeJS. This does not include referencing or combining data between multiple tables.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Establish a database connection from NodeJS
Retrieve data from the database in NodeJS
Execute SQL queries from NodeJS
Create simple SQL queries excluding joins
Understand primary keys
Escape variables used in SQL queries
Awareness of SQL injections

Files, terms, and utilities:

sqlite3 NPM module
Database.run(), Database.close(), Database.all(), Database.get(), Database.each()
CREATE TABLE
INSERT, SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE