Purpose

This document is meant to provide a higher level overview into what has changed with the objectives update for LPIC-1 exams.

The exams that are affect by this update are LPIC-1 (101 and 102) exams.

Changes in Exam 101

The following changes constitute the update of exam 101 from version 4.0 to version 5.0:

  • 101: System Architecture
    • 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings
      • Removed 'Configure systems with or without external peripherals such as keyboards.'
      • Removed 'Know the differences between coldplug and hotplug devices.'
    • 101.2 Boot the system
      • Added coverage of UEFI (equal to BIOS coverage) and journalctl (with respect to boot events)
    • 101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
      • Added awareness of acpid
  • 102: Linux Installation and Package Management
    • 102.1 Design hard disk layout
      • Added EFI System Partition (ESP)
    • 102.2 Install a boot manager
      • (no changes)
    • 102.3 Manage shared libraries
      • (no changes)
    • 102.4 Use Debian package management
      • Removed aptitude
      • Added awareness of apt.
    • 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management
      • Removed yumdownloader
      • Added Zypper (equal to YUM)
      • Added awareness of dnf
    • 102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest
      • New objective (weight: 1)
      • Added specialties of running Linux in a virtual machines and containers on premise and in the cloud
  • 103: GNU and Unix Commands
    • 103.1 Work on the command line
      • Added quoting
      • Added type and which
    • 103.2 Process text streams using filters
      • Decreased weight from 3 to 2
      • Removed expand, fmt, join, pr and unexpand
      • Added bzcat, md5sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, xzcat and zcat
    • 103.3 Perform basic file management
      • Added bunzip2 and unxz
    • 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects
      • (no changes)
    • 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes
      • Added watch and tmux
    • 103.6 Modify process execution priorities
      • (no changes)
    • 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions
      • Increased weight from 2 to 3
      • Added understanding of the differences between basic and extended regular expressions
      • Added understanding of the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and anchors
      • Added use of regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text
    • 103.8 Basic file editing
      • Renamed from 'Perform basic file editing operations using vi' to ' Basic file editing'
      • Clarified wording of 'Understand and use vi modes.'
      • Removed vi commands c and :e!
      • Added awareness of other common editors (Emacs, nano and vim) and setting the default editor (EDITOR environment variable)
  • 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
    • 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems
      • Removed awareness of ReiserFS
      • Added GPT partition tables
      • Added exFAT
      • Changed awareness of Btrfs to 'Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.'
    • 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems
      • Removed debugfs and dumpe2fs
      • Changed 'XFS tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)' to coverage of xfs_repair, xfs_fsr and xfs_db
    • 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
      • Added use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems
      • Added awareness of systemd mount units
      • Added blkid and lsblk
    • 104.4 Manage disk quotas
      • Removed objective (former weight: 1)
    • 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership
      • (no changes)
    • 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links
      • (no changes)
    • 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location
      • (no changes)

Changes in Exam 102

The following changes constitute the update of exam 102 from version 4.0 to version 5.0:

  • 105: Shells and Shell Scripting
    • Renamed from 'Shells, Scripting and Data Management' to 'Shells and Shell Scripting'
    • 105.1 Customize and use the shell environment
      • Removed lists
    • 105.2 Customize or write simple scripts
      • Added execution of chained commands
      • Added && and ||
    • 105.3 SQL data management
      • Removed objective (former weight: 2)
  • 106: User Interfaces and Desktops
    • 106.1 Install and configure X11
      • Removed verifying that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server
      • Removed awareness of the X font server
      • Removed xwininfo
      • Removed xpdyinfo
      • Added understanding of the X11 architecture
      • Added overwriting specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout
      • Added understanding of the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers
      • Added managing access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers
      • Added awareness of Wayland.
      • Added /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
      • Added ~/.xsession-errors
      • Added xauth
    • 106.2 Graphical Desktops
      • Removed old content (configuration of display managers / LightDM)
      • Changed to cover awareness of major desktop environments and protocols to access remote desktop sessions
      • Added KDE, Gnome, Xfce, X11, XDMCP, VNC, Spice and RDP
    • 106.3 Accessibility
      • Removed Basic knowledge of keyboard accessibility settings (AccessX)
      • Removed Orca, GOK and emacspeak
      • Added voice recognition
  • 107: Administrative Tasks
    • 107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files
      • (no changes)
    • 107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs
      • Removed anacron
      • Added systemd timers
      • Added systemctl and systemd-run
    • 107.3 Localisation and internationalisation
      • (no changes)
  • 108: Essential System Services
    • 108.1 Maintain system time
      • Added chrony (chronyc)
      • Added timedatectl
    • 108.2 System logging
      • Increased weight from 3 to 4
      • Removed klogd and syslogd (syslog.conf)
      • Changed syslog from main topic to awareness
      • Changed rsyslog from awareness to main topic, focus is basic configuration
      • Added accessing the systemd journal, including queries, filters, persistent storage, deletion of old events and recovering journal content from a system's copy.
      • Added understanding of interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald
      • Added systemd-cat
    • 108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics
      • Removed qmail
    • 108.4 Manage printers and printing
      • (no changes)
  • 109: Networking Fundamentals
    • 109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols
      • (no changes)
    • 109.2 Persistent network configuration
      • Renamed from 'Basic network configuration' to 'Persistent network configuration'
      • Changed focus from viewing settings to manage the persistent network configuration
      • Removed ip, route, ping, ifconfig (still in 109.3)
      • Added configuration of ethernet and wi-fi network configuration using NetworkManager
      • Added awareness of systemd-networkd
      • Added /etc/resolv.conf, nmcli and hostnamectl
    • 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting
      • Changed to focus on manual interaction with network interfaces using iproute2
      • Changed coverage of net-tools commands to awareness
      • Removed dig and host (still in 109.4)
      • Removed ifup and ifdown (still in 109.2)
      • Added ss
    • 109.4 Configure client side DNS
      • Added debuging errors related to name resolution
      • Added awareness of systemd-resolved
  • 110: Security
    • 110.1 Perform security administration tasks
      • (no changes)
    • 110.2 Setup host security
      • Added systemd.socket
      • Removed /etc/inetd.d/
      • Removed /etc/inetd.conf
    • 110.3 Securing data with encryption
      • Increased weight from 3 to 4
      • Added use of GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files
      • Added gpg-agent
      • Added additional ciphers for SSH keys (~/.ssh/id_ecdsa, id_ecdsa.pub, ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, id_ed25519.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key, ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub)