This document is meant to provide a higher level overview into what has changed with the objective update for LPIC-1 and LPIC-2.

There is also a general overview file for presentation purposes available.

The version for the new LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 objectives will be 3.0. This is the second update to the objectives and sets a uniform version for all regions. Moving forward, LPI anticipates a 5 year major version upgrade cycle (with complete JTA). At or around the 2.5 year mark, objectives will be updated to reflect the changes in Linux. The next version for LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 will be 3.5 to reflect this half-way mark.

Additionally, there will be (at the most frequent) quarterly addenda to the objectives to clarify coverage and details of what is on the exams. This will not change the version of the objectives as these updates are intended as aids to courseware and book authors to help them understand the depth and breadth of coverage required.

The weighting on all LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 exams has been normalised to 60. This means that each exam will be 60 questions long (unless you have "beta" questions for QA purposes; then it will be 75 questions). This also means that a weighting of 3 on an objective indicates that there will be exactly 3 questions on the exam pertaining to that objective (again with the "beta" question caveat).

The 1. and 2. prefixes have been dropped for this revision. Any time the a 1.xxx.y or 2.xxx.y objective is cited, it refers to the old objectives.

In previous versions of LPI objectives, some topics were covered in both LPIC-1 and LPIC-2. In some cases, the same material was repeated in different places in the same level of certification. This objective update provided the opportunity to reduce the overlap of content topics between levels and objectives.

Notably, where some technologies (such as DNS) are important at both levels, they are divided into appropriate sections. For example, at the LPIC-1 level, DNS cover is restricted to use as a client (or consumer) of DNS services. At the LPIC-2 level, configuration and security issues or maintaining a DNS server is covered.

Where appropriate, specific versions of software are noted in the objectives. For example, 2.4 Linux Kernel coverage has been dropped in order to focus on 2.6 Linux Kernel content, ReiserFS coverage has been limited to V3 and BIND 8.x has been removed.

Major network services and administration tasks have been moved up to LPIC-2. LPIC-1 focus remains, and consolidates, Linux usage and essential local system administration (such as ntp and syslog).

Along these lines, there is now less emphasis in the exams on "non-Linux" topics such as generic hardware content (SCSI types, PCMCIA, etc) and network protocol details (such as what TCP packets look like). As well, installation content is more consistent with real life and system usage has increase coverage.

3.2.1 SQL Data Management

SQL data is becoming more important as databases become easier to manage and interact with. In this objective, coverage includes querying database as well as adding, updating and deleting data.

No specific database is covered. Only standard SQL.

3.2.2 Accessibility

This version of the LPI objectives introduces the need for an awareness of accessibility issues, software and assistive technologies.

3.2.3 Localisation and Internationalisation

Non-English centric issues are covered in this objective including knowledge of timezone issues, important character sets and environment settings.

3.2.4 Data Encryption

The coverage of ssh as an end-user tool for security has been increased. As well, coverage of GPG (GnuPG) has been added.

For LPIC-2, Kernel topics have been consolidated into this level. Also, advanced LPIC-1 topics such as installing applications from source have been moved to LPIC-2.

Also, there is a greater emphasis on Security and Troubleshooting topics at this level of certification.

4.2.1 Troubleshooting and Security

The coverage of troubleshooting and security objectives has increased dramatically. In many cases where the original weighting was 1 to 2 for a specific objective it has increased to 5. This makes troubleshooting as a general topic one of the largest single components of the LPIC-2 exams.

4.2.2 udev Device Management

This objective has been added to ensure that certification holders have an understanding of how devices are detected and managed in modern Linux systems.

4.2.3 LVM

LVM coverage has been greatly expanded and made its own objective.

4.2.4 IMAP/POP

IMAP/POP coverage has been included. Courier and dovecot software is now covered.

 SPECIAL NOTE: For people that have already done this comparison, xargs is
 still in the 103.4 (Use streams, pipes and redirects) objective. 
 Please keep in mind that the list of files, commands and terms in
 each objectives is a _partial_ list.                             

 NOTE ON WEIGHTING:  The weighting on all LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 exams has been
 normalised to 60.  This means that each exam will be 60 questions
 long (unless you have "beta" questions for QA purposes; then it  
 will be 75 questions).  This also means that a weighting of 3    
 on an objective indicates that there will be exactly 3 questions 
 on the exam pertaining to that objective (again with the "beta"  
 question caveat).                                                

 NOTE: The 1. and 2. prefixes have been dropped for this revision.  Any time
 the a 1.xxx.y or 2.xxx.y objective is cited, it refers to the old  
 objectives.  When the original objective is not mentioned, the     
 current objective is the same number with the prefix dropped.      

 NOTE: Former 1.102.3 (Make and install programs from source) objective is
 now 206.1 (LPIC-2).                                                
 NOTE: Former 1.110.x (The X Window System) objectives are now part of    
 Topic 106 (User Interfaces and Desktops) (102 exam).               

Topic 101: System Architecture

 NOTE: Name changed from "Hardware & Architecture".  This includes a lesser
 focus on hardware issues.                                           

Objective: 101.1

Title: Determine and configure hardware settings. Original Weight: 7 Current Weight: 2

It is a merge and reduction in weighting for the old 1.101.2 through to 1.101.7 objectives.

Objective: 101.2

Title: Boot the system Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 3

Was 1.106.1 (102 exam). Lesser emphasis on LILO and GRUB. More emphasis on the stages of booting and the flow.

Objective: 101.3

Title: Change runlevels and shutodwn or reboot system Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 3

Was 1.106.2 (102 exam).

Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management

Objective: 102.1

Title: Design hard disk layout Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 2

No change other than weighting.

Objective: 102.2

Title: Install a boot manager Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 2

no change other than weighting

Objective: 102.3

Title: Manage shared libraries Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 1

Was 1.102.4 (101 exam).

 NOTE: Former 1.102.3 (Make and install programs from source) objective is
 now 206.1 (LPIC-2).                                                

Objective: 102.4

Title: Use Debian package management Original Weight: 8 Current Weight: 3

Added: aptitude, apt-cache Dropped: dselect, alien, apt.conf, dpkg.conf

Was 1.102.5. Lesser emphasis on dpkg. More emphasis on meta package managers like apt.

Objective: 102.5

Title: Use RPM and YUM package management Original Weight: 8 Current Weight: 3

Added: yum Dropped: rpm configuration files

Was 1.102.6. Lesser emphasis on rpm More emphasis on meta package manager like yum.

Topic 103: GNU and Unix Commands

Objective: 103.1

Title: Work on the command line Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 4

Added: man, uname, history Dropped: .bash_history, .profile

Was 1.108.1 (102 exam).

Objective: 103.2

Title: Process text streams using filters Original Weight: 6 Current Weight: 3

Added: od Dropped: hexdump, tac

Objective: 103.3

Title: Perform basic file management Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 4

Added: tar, cpio, dd, gzip, bzip2

Objective: 103.4

Title: Use streams, pipes and redirects Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 4

No change other than weighting.

Objective: 103.5

Title: Create, monitor and kill processes Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 4

Added: free, uptime Dropped: "start a process without a terminal"

Objective: 103.6

Title: Modify process execution priorities Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

No change other than weighting.

Objective: 103.7

Title: Search text files using regular expressions Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Added: egrep, fgrep, regex(7) man page

Objective: 103.8

Title: Perform basic file editing operations using VI Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 3

Added: y and yy Dropped: : and :!

Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Objective: 104.1

Title: Create partitions and filesystems Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Added: restriction to reiserfs V3 (no V4)

Objective: 104.2

Title: Maintain the integrity of filesystems Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Added: xfstools

Objective: 104.3

Title: Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 3

Added: /media directory

Objective: 104.4

Title: Manage disk quotas Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 1

No change other than weighting.

Objective: 104.5

Title: Manage file permissions and ownership Original Weight: 6 Current Weight: 3

Dropped: chattr

Merge of 1.104.5 and 1.104.6.

Objective: 104.6

Title: Create and change hard and symbolic links Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 2

No change other than weighting.

Objective: 104.7

Title: Find system files and place files in the correct location Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 2

Added: type Dropped: "slocate" distinction

 NOTE ON WEIGHTING:  The weighting on all LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 exams has been
 normalised to 60.  This means that each exam will be 60 questions
 long (unless you have "beta" questions for QA purposes; then it  
 will be 75 questions).  This also means that a weighting of 3    
 on an objective indicates that there will be exactly 3 questions 
 on the exam pertaining to that objective (again with the "beta"  
 question caveat).                                                

 NOTE: The 1. and 2. prefixes have been dropped for this revision.  Any time
 the a 1.xxx.y or 2.xxx.y objective is cited, it refers to the old  
 objectives.  When the original objective is not mentioned, the     
 current objective is the same number with the prefix dropped.      

 NOTE: Former 1.105.x (Kernel) objectives are now part of Topic 201 (Linux
 Kernel) (201 exam).                                                
 NOTE: Former 1.111.5 (Maintain an effective data backup strategy)        
 was split and cpio, tar and dd are moved to 103.3 (Perform basic   
 file management) (101 exam) and dump/restore were dropped.         
 NOTE: 1.108.1 (Use and manage local system docuemention) was merged into 
 103.1 (Work on the command line) (101 exam).                       
 NOTE: 1.108.2 (Find Linux documentation on the internet) was dropped.    
 NOTE: 1.108.3 (Notify users of system related issues) was moved to 205.4 
 (201 exam).                                                        
 NOTE: 1.112.4 (Configure Linux as a PPP client) was dropped.             
 NOTE: 1.113.3 (Operate and perform basic configurations of Apache)       
 was dropped.                                                       
 NOTE: 1.113.4 (Properly manage the NFS and SAMBA daemons) was dropped.   

Topic 105: Shells, Scripting and Data Management

Objective: 105.1

Title: Customize and use the shell environment Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 4

Added: alias Dropped: .inputrc Moved: /etc/skel to 107.1 (Manage user and group accounts and related system files), seq to 105.2 (Customize or write simple scripts)

Was 1.109.1.

Objective: 105.2

Title: Customize or write simple scripts Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 4

Added: if, seq

Was 1.109.2.

Objective: 105.3

Title: SQL data management Original Weight: 0 (NEW OBJECTIVE) Current Weight: 2

NEW OBJECTIVE.

Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

Objective: 106.1

Title: Install and configure X11 Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 2

Added: xwininfo, xdpyinfo Dropped: xf86, xvidtune, .Xresources, .Xdefaults, .xinitrc

Merge of 1.110.1 (Install and Configure X11) and 1.110.4 (Install and Customize a Window Manager Environment) without the WM parts (101 exam).

Objective: 106.2

Title: Setup up a display manager Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Was 1.110.2.

Objective: 106.3

Title: Accessibility Original Weight: 0 (NEW OBJECTIVE) Current Weight: 1

NEW OBJECTIVE.

Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

Objective: 107.1

Title: Manage user and group accounts and related system files Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 5

Added: /etc/skel from 1.111.2 (Tune the user environment and system environment variables) Dropped: gpasswd

Was 1.111.1.

Objective: 107.2

Title: Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 4

Dropped: anacron

Was 1.111.4.

 NOTE: Former 1.111.5 (Maintain an effective data backup strategy)
 was split and cpio, tar and dd are moved to 103.3 (Perform basic
 file management) (101 exam) and dump/restore were dropped.      

Objective: 107.3

Title: Localisation and internationalisation Original Weight: 0 (NEW OBJECTIVE) Current Weight: 3

NEW OBJECTIVE.

Topic 108: Essential System Services

Objective: 108.1

Title: Maintain system time Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 3

Added: pool.ntp.org Dropped: ntp.drift

Was 1.111.6.

Objective: 108.2

Title: System logging Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Added: logger, klogd

Was 1.111.3.

Objective: 108.3

Title: Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 3

Dropped: general MTA configuration

Lesser focus on general MTA configuration as a server. More emphasis on "client" MTA configuration and usage such as aliases, forwarding and mailq. Plus knowledge of commonly available MTAs. Was 1.113.2 (Operate and perform basic configuration on Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)).

Objective: 108.4

Title: Manage printers and printing Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Dropped: lp family of commands, printcap, a2ps and CUPS configuration

Less emphasis on print server configuration. More emphasis on client usage. Merge of 1.107.2 (Mangage printers and print queues), 1.107.3 (Print files) and 1.107.4 (Install and configure local and remote printers).

 NOTE: 1.108.1 (Use and manage local system docuemention) was merged into
 103.1 (Work on the command line) (101 exam).                      
 NOTE: 1.108.2 (Find Linux documentation on the internet) was dropped.   
 NOTE: 1.108.3 (Notify users of system related issues) was moved to 205.4
 (201 exam).                                                       

Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

Objective: 109.1

Title: Fundamentals of internet protocols Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 4

Added: tracepath Dropped: network classes (eg. Class C networks)

Less focus on details of IP protocols. Was 1.112.1 (Fundamentals of TCP/IP).

Objective: 109.2

Title: Basic network configuration Original Weight: 3.5 Current Weight: 4

Dropped: /etc/networks, host.conf, dhcpcd, dhclient and pump

Was configuration portion of 1.112.3 (TCP/IP configuration and troubleshooting).

Objective: 109.3

Title: Basic network troubleshooting Original Weight: 3.5 Current Weight: 4

Dropped: domainname, dnsdomainname and tcpdump

Was troubleshooting portion of 1.112.3 (TCP/IP configuration and troubleshooting).

 NOTE: 1.112.4 (Configure Linux as a PPP client) was dropped.

Objective: 109.4

Title: Configure client side DNS Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 2

Dropped: named and configuration of named

Emphasis on client use of DNS services. Was 1.113.5 (Setup and configure basic DNS services).

 NOTE: 1.113.3 (Operate and perform basic configurations of Apache)
 was dropped.                                                
 NOTE: 1.113.4 (Properly manage the NFS and SAMBA daemons) was dropped.

Topic 110: Security

Objective: 110.1

Title: Perform security administration tasks Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 3

Added: chage, lsof, sudo, so, usermod, ulimit Dropped: iptables, socket, quota

Was 1.114.1.

Objective: 110.2

Title: Setup host security Original Weight: 7 Current Weight: 3

Added: inittab, 1.113.1 objective

Merge of 1.114.2 and 1.113.1 (Configure and manage xinetd, inetd and related services).

Objective: 110.3

Title: Securing data with encryption Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 3

Added: gpg, ~/.ssh, ssh, ssh-agent, ssh-add Moved: sshd (covered in 212.3 (Secure shell (SSH)) in the 202 exam)

Was 1.113.7 (Set up secure shell (OpenSSH)).

 NOTE ON WEIGHTING:  The weighting on all LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 exams has been
 normalised to 60.  This means that each exam will be 60 questions
 long (unless you have "beta" questions for QA purposes; then it  
 will be 75 questions).  This also means that a weighting of 3    
 on an objective indicates that there will be exactly 3 questions 
 on the exam pertaining to that objective (again with the "beta"  
 question caveat).                                                
 
 NOTE: The 1. and 2. prefixes have been dropped for this revision.  Any time
 the a 1.xxx.y or 2.xxx.y objective is cited, it refers to the old  
 objectives.  When the original objective is not mentioned, the     
 current objective is the same number with the prefix dropped.      
 
 NOTE: 2.204.2 (Adding new hardware) objective was dropped.
 NOTE: 2.204.3 (Software and kernel configuration) was split into 204.2
 (Adjusting storage device access) and 204.5 (Logical Volume     
 Manager).                                                       
 NOTE: Objective 2.204.4 (Configuring PCMCIA devices) was dropped.     
 NOTE: The 2.205 (Networking Configuration) Topic has been moved from  
 202 exam to 201 exam.                                           
 NOTE: Topic 206 (System Maintenance) was renumbered from 211.         
 NOTE: Topic 207 (Domain Name Server) was moved from 202 exam to 201 exam.
 NOTE: 2.211.1 (System Logging) was consolidated into 108.2 (102 exam).   
 NOTE: 2.211.2 (Packaging software) objective was dropped.                
 NOTE: 2.213.1 (Automating tasks using scripts) was dropped (duplicate    
 coverage in 101 exam).                                             
 NOTE: The 2.214.7 (Troubleshooting network issues) has moved from 202    
 exam to 201 exam and is now the 205.3 objective.                   
 NOTE: 2.214.2 (Creating recovery disks) objective was dropped.           

Topic 201: Linux Kernel

Objective: 201.1

Title: Kernel Components Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 2

No change other than weighting.

Objective: 201.2

Title: Compiling a kernel Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 2

Dropped: 2.4 kernel, LILO

Objective: 201.3

Title: Patching a kernel Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 1

No change other than weighting.

Objective: 201.4

 NOTE: Name change to reflect merging of 1.105.2 (Reconfigure, build
 and install a custom kernel and kernel modules) objective content.

Title: Customise, build and install a custom kernel and kernel modules Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 2

Added: 1.105.2 (Reconfigure, build and install a custom kernel and kernel modules) objective content

Objective: 201.5

Title: Manage/Query kernel and kernel modules at runtime Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 3

Was 1.105.1 (102 exam).

Topic 202: System Startup

Objective: 202.1

Title: Customising system startup and boot processes Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 4

Dropped: checkproc, startproc, startpar, killproc, and insserv.

Objective: 202.2

Title: System recovery Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 4

Added: telinit Dropped: LILO

Topic 203: Filesystem and Devices

Objective: 203.1

Title: Operating the Linux filesystem Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 4

Added: UUIDs

Objective: 203.2

Title: Maintaining a Linux filesystem Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 3

Added: xfs, debugreiserfs and mkswap Dropped: reiserfs V4

Objective: 203.3

Title: Create and configure filesystem options Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

No change other than objective weighting.

Objective: 203.4

Title: udev Device Management Original Weight: 0 (NEW OBJECTIVE) Current Weight: 1

NEW OBJECTIVE.

Topic 204: Advanced Storage Device Administration

Objective: 204.1

Title: Configuring RAID Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 2

Added: fdisk Dropped: mkraid, raidtab

Objective: 204.2

Title: Adjusting storage device access Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 1

Added: /dev/sd*, /dev/hd* Dropped: /proc/interrupts

Was 2.204.3 (Software and kernel configuration) non-LVM portions.

 NOTE: Objective 2.204.2 (Adding new hardware) was dropped.
 NOTE: 2.204.3 (Software and kernel configuration) was split into 204.2
 (Adjusting storage device access) and 204.5 (Logical Volume     
 Manager).                                                       
 NOTE: Objective 2.204.4 (Configuring PCMCIA devices) was dropped.     

Objective: 204.3

Title: Logical Volume Manager Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 3

Added: /sbin/pv*, /sbin/lv*, /sbin/vg*, /dev/mapper/, mount

Was 2.204.3 (Software and kernel configuration) LVM portions.

Topic 205: Networking Configuration

 NOTE: The 2.205 (Networking Configuration) Topic has been moved from
 202 exam to 201 exam.                                         
 NOTE: The 2.214.7 (Troubleshooting network issues) has moved from 202
 exam to 201 exam and is now the 205.3 objective.               

Objective: 205.1

Title: Basic networking configuration Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 3

Dropped: wlanctl-ng, arpwatch, wpa_supplicant, /etc, modems, PAP/CHAP and ISDN

Objective: 205.2

Title: Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 4

Added: nmap, wireshark

Objective: 205.3

Title: Troubleshooting network issues Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 5

Was 2.214.7 (202 exam).

Objective: 205.4

Title: Notifying users on system-related issues Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 1

Added: wall, shutdown

Moved from LPIC-1 (102 exam).

Topic 206: System Maintenance

 NOTE: 206 (System Maintenance) was renumbered from 211.
 NOTE: 2.211.1 (System Logging) was consolidated into 108.2 (102 exam).
 NOTE: 2.211.2 (Packaging software) objective was dropped.             

Objective: 206.1

Title: Make and install programs from source Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 4

Added: uname, install Dropped: rpm, dpkg

Was 1.102.3 from LPIC-1 (101 exam).

Objective: 206.2

Title: Backup operations Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 3

Added: cpio, tar, my, rsync, dd

Was 2.211.3.

 NOTE: 2.213.1 (Automating tasks using scripts) was dropped (duplicate
 coverage in 101 exam).
 NOTE: 2.214.2 (Creating recovery disks) objective was dropped.

Topic 207: Domain Name Server

 NOTE: Topic 207 (Domain Name Server) was moved from 202 exam to 201 exam.

Objective: 207.1

Title: Basic DNS server configuration Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 2

Dropped: BIND 8.x, ndc (in favour of rndc)

Objective: 207.2

Title: Create and maintain DNS zones Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Droped: BIND 8.x

Objective: 207.3

Title: Securing a DNS server Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Dropped: BIND 8.x, sysV init

 NOTE ON WEIGHTING:  The weighting on all LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 exams has been
 normalised to 60.  This means that each exam will be 60 questions
 long (unless you have "beta" questions for QA purposes; then it  
 will be 75 questions).  This also means that a weighting of 3    
 on an objective indicates that there will be exactly 3 questions 
 on the exam pertaining to that objective (again with the "beta"  
 question caveat).                                                

 NOTE: The 1. and 2. prefixes have been dropped for this revision.  Any time
 the a 1.xxx.y or 2.xxx.y objective is cited, it refers to the old  
 objectives.  When the original objective is not mentioned, the     
 current objective is the same number with the prefix dropped.      

 NOTE: Topic 206 (Mail and News) has been changed to Topic 211 (E-Mail
 Services) to reflect the dropping of News services.            
 NOTE: 2.206.1 (Configuring mailing lists) was dropped.               
 NOTE: 2.206.3 (Managing Mail Traffic) was renamed to 211.2 (Managing 
 Local E-mail Delivery) to reflect focus.                       
 NOTE: 2.206.4 (Serving news) was dropped.                            
 NOTE: Topic 207 (Domain Name Server) was moved to 201 exam.          
 NOTE: 2.210.2 (NIS configuration) was dropped.                       
 NOTE: Topic 209 (File and Service Sharing) has been renamed to       
 "File Sharing".                                                
 NOTE: 2.210.3 (LDAP configuration) was renamed to 210.3 (LDAP client 
 usage) to reflect the focus on client-side usage versus server 
 configuration (that is in the 301 exam).                       
 NOTE: 2.214.3 (Identifying boot stages) was merged into 213.1        
 (Identifying boot stages and troubleshooting bootloaders) and  
 was moved from the 201 exam to the 202 exam.                   
 NOTE: 2.214.4 (Troubleshooting bootloaders) was merged into 213.1    
 (Identifying boot stages and troubleshooting bootloaders) and  
 was moved from the 201 exam to the 202 exam.                   
 NOTE: 2.214.5 (General Troubleshooting) has been moved from the 201  
 exam to objective 213.2 in the 202 exam.                       
 NOTE: 2.214.6 (Troubleshooting system resources) has been moved from 
 the 201 exam to objective 213.3 in the 202 exam.               
 NOTE: 2.214.7 (Troubleshooting network issues) has been moved from the
 202 exam to objective 205.3 in the 201 exam.                    
 NOTE: 2.214.8 (Troubleshooting environment configurations) has been   
 moved from the 201 exam to objective 213.4 in the 202 exam.     

Topic 208: Web Services

Objective: 208.1

Title: Implementing a web server Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 3

Added: error logs Dropped: Apache 1.x, apachectl

Objective: 208.2

Title: Maintaining a web server Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 2

Dropped: Apache 1.x

Objective: 208.3

Title: Implementing a proxy server Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 1

No change other than weighting.

Topic 209: File Sharing

 NOTE: Topic 209 (File and Service Sharing) has been renamed to
 "File Sharing".                                         

Objective: 209.1

Title: SAMBA Server Configuration Original Weight: 5 Current Weight: 4

Added: user/share level security, smbclient, /etc/smb/ /var/log/samba/ Dropped: SAMBA 2.x, WINS

Objective: 209.2

Title: NFS Server configuration Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 4

Added: /proc/mounts, /etc/fstab, rpcinfo, mountd, portmapper

Topic 210: Network Client Management

Objective: 210.1

Title: DHCP configuration Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 2

Added: /var/log/daemon.log, /var/log/messages, arp, dhcpd

Objective: 210.2

Title: PAM authentication Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 3

Added: pam_unix, pam_cracklib, pam_limits, pam_listfile

Was 2.210.4.

Objective: 210.3

 NOTE: 2.210.3 (LDAP configuration) was renamed to 210.3 (LDAP client
 usage) to reflect the focus on client-side usage versus server
 configuration (that is in the 301 exam).                      

Title: LDAP client usage Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 2

Added: LDAP queries, ldapsearch, ldappasswd, ldapadd, ldapdelete Dropped: slapd, slapd.conf, LDIF

Topic 211: E-Mail Services

 NOTE: Topic 206 (Mail and News) has been changed to Topic 211 (E-Mail
 Services) to reflect the dropping of News services.            
 NOTE: 2.206.1 (Configuring mailing lists) was dropped.               

Objective: 211.1

Title: Using e-mail servers Original Weight: 4 Current Weight: 3

Added: /var/spool/mail, log files Dropped: qmail

More emphasis on postfix. Less emphasis on sendmail and exim. Was 2.206.2.

Objective: 211.2

Title: Managing Local E-Mail Delivery Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 2

Added: mbox and Maildir formats

Was 2.206.3.

 NOTE: 2.206.3 (Managing Mail Traffic) was renamed to 211.2 (Managing
 Local E-mail Delivery) to reflect focus.                      

Objective: 211.3

Title: Managing Remote E-Mail Delivery Original Weight: 0 (NEW OBJECTIVE) Current Weight: 2

NEW OBJECTIVE.

Topic 212: System Security

Objective: 212.1

Title: Configuring a router Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 3

Dropped: ip chains, DoS Attacks, quagga

Was 2.212.2.

Objective: 212.2

Title: Securing FTP servers Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 2

Dropped: ProFTP to awareness level

Was 2.212.3.

Objective: 212.3

Title: Secure Shell (SSH) Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 4

Dropped: .rhosts, .shosts

Was 2.212.4.

Objective: 212.4

Title: TCP Wrapper Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 1

Dropped: xinetd configuration Added: libwrap

Was 2.212.5.

Objective: 212.5

Title: Security tasks Original Weight: 3 Current Weight: 3

Added: OpenVAS awareness, fail2ban, nc Dropped: Kerberos, tripwire, portsentry

Was 2.212.6.

Topic 213: Troubleshooting

Objective: 213.1

Title: Identifying boot stages and troubleshooting bootloaders Original Weight: 2 Current Weight: 4

Merge of 2.214.3 (Identifying boot stages) and 2.214.4 (Troubleshooting bootloaders).

 NOTE: 2.214.3 (Identifying boot stages) was merged into 213.1
 (Identifying boot stages and troubleshooting bootloaders) and
 was moved from the 201 exam to the 202 exam.                 
 NOTE: 2.214.4 (Troubleshooting bootloaders) was merged into 213.1  
 (Identifying boot stages and troubleshooting bootloaders) and
 was moved from the 201 exam to the 202 exam.                 

Objective: 213.2

Title: General Troubleshooting Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 5

Added: lsusb

Was 2.214.5.

 NOTE: 2.214.5 (General Troubleshooting) has been moved from the 201
 exam to objective 213.2 in the 202 exam.

Objective: 213.3

Title: Troubleshooting system resources Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 5

Was 2.214.6.

 NOTE: 2.214.6 (Troubleshooting system resources) has been moved from
 the 201 exam to objective 213.3 in the 202 exam.
 NOTE: 2.214.7 (Troubleshooting network issues) has been moved from the
 202 exam to objective 205.3 in the 201 exam.

Objective: 213.4

Title: Troubleshooting environment configurations Original Weight: 1 Current Weight: 5

Was 2.214.8.

 NOTE: 2.214.8 (Troubleshooting environment configurations) has been
 moved from the 201 exam to objective 213.4 in the 202 exam.