Objectives Test Page
Contents
- 1 ã¯ããã«
- 2 ããŒãžã§ã³æ å ±
- 3 詊éš
- 4 ä»é²
- 5 詊éšç¯å²ã®ç¿»èš³
- 6 詊éšç¯å²: è©Šéš 101
- 6.1 èª²é¡ 101: ã·ã¹ãã ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£
- 6.2 èª²é¡ 102: Linuxã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãšããã±ãŒãžç®¡ç
- 6.2.1 102.1 ããŒããã£ã¹ã¯ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããèšèšãã
- 6.2.2 102.2 ããŒããããŒãžã£ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã
- 6.2.3 102.3 å ±æã©ã€ãã©ãªã管çãã
- 6.2.4 102.4 Debianããã±ãŒãžç®¡çãå©çšãã
- 6.2.5 102.5 RPMãšYUMããã±ãŒãžç®¡çã䜿çšãã
- 6.2.6 102.6 ä»®æ³åã®ã²ã¹ãOSãšããŠã®Linux
- 6.3 èª²é¡ 103: GNUãšUnixã³ãã³ã
- 6.3.1 103.1 ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã§ã®äœæ¥
- 6.3.2 103.2 ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããŠããã¹ãã¹ããªãŒã ãåŠçãã
- 6.3.3 103.3 åºæ¬çãªãã¡ã€ã«ç®¡çãå®è¡ãã
- 6.3.4 103.4 ã¹ããªãŒã ããã€ãããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã䜿çšãã
- 6.3.5 103.5 ããã»ã¹ã®äœæãç£èŠãçµäº
- 6.3.6 103.6 ããã»ã¹å®è¡ã®åªå é äœã倿Žãã
- 6.3.7 103.7 æ£èŠè¡šçŸã䜿ã£ãŠããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãæ€çŽ¢ãã
- 6.3.8 103.8 ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åºæ¬çãªç·šé
- 6.4 èª²é¡ 104: ããã€ã¹ãLinuxãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã éå±€æšæº
- 6.4.1 104.1 ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ãšãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãäœæãã
- 6.4.2 104.2 ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®æŽåæ§ãç¶æãã
- 6.4.3 104.3 ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããŠã³ããšã¢ã³ããŠã³ã
- 6.4.4 104.4 åé€ãããŸãã
- 6.4.5 104.5 ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ããŒããã·ã§ã³ãšæææš©ã管çãã
- 6.4.6 104.6 ããŒããªã³ã¯ãšã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ã®äœæãšå€æŽ
- 6.4.7 104.7 ã·ã¹ãã ãã¡ã€ã«ãæ€çŽ¢ãããã¡ã€ã«ãæ£ããå Žæã«é 眮ãã
- 7 詊éšç¯å²: è©Šéš 102
- 8 Future Change Considerations
ã¯ããã«
ããã¯ãLPIC-1ãLPIèªå®è©Šéšã¬ãã«1ã®è©Šéšã«å¿ èŠãªé ç®ã§ããå šãŠã®Linuxã«ããã£ãŠå ±éããŠããLinuxã®ãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ã®åºæ¬çãªã¹ãã«ãã«ããŒããŠããŸãã
ãã®ããŒãžã¯ãçŸåšãªãªãŒã¹ãããŠããLPIC-1èªå®è©Šéšã®è©Šéšç¯å²ãã«ããŒããŠããŸãã
ããŒãžã§ã³æ å ±
ãã®è©Šéšç¯å²ã¯ãããŒãžã§ã³5.0ã§ãã
There is also a summary and detailed information on the changes from version 4.0 to 5.0 of the objectives.
The version 4.x objectives can be found here.
詊éš
LPIC-1ã®èªå®ãåããéšãåéšçã¯101 ãš 102ã®è©Šéšã«åæ ŒããªããŠã¯ãããŸããã
ä»é²
詊éšç¯å²ã®ç¿»èš³
ãã®wikiã«ã以äžã®è©Šéšç¯å²ã®ç¿»èš³ããããŸã:
- è±èª
- ãã«ãã¬ã«èª(ãã©ãžã«)
- äžåœèªïŒç°¡äœåïŒ
- äžåœèªïŒäŒçµ±çïŒ
- ãã©ã³ã¹èª
- ãã€ãèª
- ã€ã¿ãªã¢èª
- æ¥æ¬èª
- ã¹ãã€ã³èª
詊éšç¯å²: è©Šéš 101
èª²é¡ 101: ã·ã¹ãã ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£
101.1 ããŒããŠã§ã¢èšå®ã®æ±ºå®ãšèšå®
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
åºæ¬çãªã·ã¹ãã ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã決å®ããæ§æã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- çµ±åãããæ©åšã®æå¹åãšç¡å¹åã
- ç°ãªãæ§ã ãªçš®é¡ã®ãã¹ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžã®æ±ºå®ã
- ããã€ã¹ã®ããŒããŠãšã¢ãªãœãŒã¹ã®æ±ºå®ã
- ããŸããŸãªããŒããŠã§ã¢æ å ±ãäžèŠ§è¡šç€ºããããã®ããŒã«ãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ïŒlsusbãlspciãªã©ïŒã
- USBããã€ã¹ãæäœããããã®ããŒã«ãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ã
- sysfsãudevãdbusã®æŠå¿µççè§£ã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /sys/
- /proc/
- /dev/
- modprobe
- lsmod
- lspci
- lsusb
101.2 ã·ã¹ãã ã®èµ·å
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
ããŒãããã»ã¹ãéããŠã·ã¹ãã ã説æã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- èµ·åæã«å ±éã®ã³ãã³ããããŒãããŒãã«æäŸãããªãã·ã§ã³ãã«ãŒãã«ã«æäŸããã
- BIOS/UEFIããèµ·åå®äºãŸã§ã®ããŒãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã®ç¥èã瀺ãã
- SysVinitãšsystemdã®çè§£ã
- Upstartã®ç¥èã
- ãã°ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ããŒãã€ãã³ãã確èªããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- dmesg
- journalctl
- BIOS
- UEFI
- bootloader
- kernel
- initramfs
- init
- SysVinit
- systemd
101.3 ã©ã³ã¬ãã«/ããŒãã¿ãŒã²ããã倿Žããã·ã¹ãã ãã·ã£ããããŠã³ãŸãã¯åèµ·åãã
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
ã·ã¹ãã ã®SysVinitã©ã³ã¬ãã«ãŸãã¯systemdã®ã·ã¹ãã ããŒãã¿ãŒã²ãããã管çã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®èª²é¡ã«ã¯ãã·ã³ã°ã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¢ãŒããžã®å€æŽãã·ã¹ãã ã®ã·ã£ããããŠã³ãŸãã¯åèµ·å ãå«ãŸããŸãã ã©ã³ã¬ãã«/ããŒãã¿ãŒã²ãããåãæ¿ããŠããã»ã¹ãé©åã«çµäºããåã«ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«èŠåããããšãã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãã®èª²é¡ã«ã¯ãããã©ã«ãã®SysVinitã©ã³ã¬ãã«ãŸãã¯systemdã®ããŒãã¿ãŒã²ããã®èšå®ãå«ãŸããŸãã ãŸããSysVinitãŸãã¯systemdã®ä»£æ¿ãšããŠã®ãUpstartã®èªèãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ããã©ã«ãã®ã©ã³ã¬ãã«ãŸãã¯ããŒãã¿ãŒã²ãããèšå®ããã
- ã·ã³ã°ã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¢ãŒããå«ãã©ã³ã¬ãã«/ããŒãã¿ãŒã²ããéã®å€æŽã
- ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ããã®ã·ã£ããããŠã³ãšåèµ·åã
- ã©ã³ã¬ãã«/ããŒãã¿ãŒã²ããããã®ä»ã®äž»èŠãªã·ã¹ãã ã€ãã³ãããåãæ¿ããåã«ãŠãŒã¶ã«èŠåãã ã
- ããã»ã¹ãæ£ããçµäºããã
- acpidã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/inittab
- shutdown
- init
- /etc/init.d/
- telinit
- systemd
- systemctl
- /etc/systemd/
- /usr/lib/systemd/
- wall
èª²é¡ 102: Linuxã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãšããã±ãŒãžç®¡ç
102.1 ããŒããã£ã¹ã¯ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããèšèšãã
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
Linuxã·ã¹ãã ã®ãã£ã¹ã¯ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ãèšç»ããŠèšèšã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ããã£ã¹ã¯ãåå²ãããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãã¹ã¯ããé åã«å²ãåœãŠãã
- èšèšãã·ã¹ãã ã®æå³ãããå©çšç®çã«åãããã
- /bootããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ããããŒãã«å¿ èŠãªããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®èŠä»¶ãæºãããŠããã確èªããã
- LVMã®åºæ¬æ©èœã«é¢ããç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /(ã«ãŒã)ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã
- /var ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã
- /home ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã
- /boot ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã
- EFIã·ã¹ãã ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³(ESP)
- swapã¹ããŒã¹
- ããŠã³ããã€ã³ã
- ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³
102.2 ããŒããããŒãžã£ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
ããŒããããŒãžã£ãéžæãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãèšå®ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- 代æ¿ããŒãå Žæãšããã¯ã¢ããããŒããªãã·ã§ã³ãæäŸããã
- GRUB Legacyãªã©ã®ããŒãããŒããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠèšå®ããã
- GRUB 2ã®åºæ¬çãªèšå®ã»å€æŽãå®è¡ããã
- ããŒãããŒããŒãšå¯Ÿè©±ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf
- grub-install
- grub-mkconfig
- MBR
102.3 å ±æã©ã€ãã©ãªã管çãã
ç·éé |
1 |
説æ |
å®è¡å¯èœããã°ã©ã ãäŸåããå ±æã©ã€ãã©ãªã決å®ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšãã§ããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- å ±æã©ã€ãã©ãªãèå¥ããã
- ã·ã¹ãã ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®äžè¬çãªå Žæãç¹å®ããã
- å ±æã©ã€ãã©ãªãããŒãããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- ldd
- ldconfig
- /etc/ld.so.conf
- LD_LIBRARY_PATH
102.4 Debianããã±ãŒãžç®¡çãå©çšãã
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
Debianããã±ãŒãžããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠããã±ãŒãžç®¡çãå®è¡ã§ããã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- Debianãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã¢ããã°ã¬ãŒããã¢ã³ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã
- ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããå Žåãšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããªãå Žåãããæã«ãç¹å®ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãŸãã¯ã©ã€ãã©ãªãå«ãããã±ãŒãžãæ€çŽ¢ããã
- ããŒãžã§ã³ãã³ã³ãã³ããäŸåæ§ãããã±ãŒãžã®å®å šæ§ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ç¶æ (ããã±ãŒãžã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®æç¡ãªã©)ãªã©ã®ããã±ãŒãžæ å ±ãååŸããã
- aptã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/apt/sources.list
- dpkg
- dpkg-reconfigure
- apt-get
- apt-cache
102.5 RPMãšYUMããã±ãŒãžç®¡çã䜿çšãã
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
RPM, YUMããã³ZypperããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠãããã±ãŒãžç®¡çãå®è¡ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
Key Knowledge Areas:
- RPM, YUMãšZypperã䜿çšããŠããã±ãŒãžãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãåã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã¢ããã°ã¬ãŒããããã³åé€ããã
- ããŒãžã§ã³ãã¹ããŒã¿ã¹ãäŸåé¢ä¿ãæŽåæ§ã眲åãªã©ã®RPMããã±ãŒãžã«é¢ããæ å ±ãååŸããã
- ããã±ãŒãžãæäŸãããã¡ã€ã«ãç¹å®ããç¹å®ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãã©ã®ããã±ãŒãžããåŸããããã調ã¹ãã
- dnfã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- rpm
- rpm2cpio
- /etc/yum.conf
- /etc/yum.repos.d/
- yum
- zypper
102.6 ä»®æ³åã®ã²ã¹ãOSãšããŠã®Linux
ç·éé |
1 |
説æ |
Linuxãã²ã¹ãã·ã¹ãã ã«ãªã£ãŠããç°å¢ã«ããããä»®æ³åãšã¯ã©ãŠãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®åœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠãçè§£ããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ä»®æ³ãã·ã³ãšã³ã³ããã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã®çè§£
- ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ããããã¯ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžããããã¯ãŒã¯ãªã©ã®IaaSã¯ã©ãŠãã§ã®ãä»®æ³ãã·ã³ã®å ±éã®èŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠã®çè§£
- ã·ã¹ãã ãè€è£œããããã³ãã¬ãŒããšããŠå©çšããéã«å€æŽããªããŠã¯ãªããªããLinuxã·ã¹ãã ç¹æã®èšå®é ç®ã«ã€ããŠã®çè§£
- ã·ã¹ãã ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžããã©ã®ããã«ããŠä»®æ³ãã·ã³ã»ã¯ã©ãŠãã»ã³ã³ããã«ãããã€ããããã®çè§£
- ä»®æ³å補åã«ããçµ±åãããLinuxã«ãããŠã®ãLinuxã®æ¡åŒµæ©èœã€ããŠã®çè§£
- cloud-initã®ç¥è
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- ä»®æ³ãã·ã³
- Linuxã³ã³ãã
- ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã³ã³ãã
- ã²ã¹ããã©ã€ããŒ
- SSHãã¹ãããŒ
- D-Busãã·ã³id
èª²é¡ 103: GNUãšUnixã³ãã³ã
103.1 ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã§ã®äœæ¥
éèŠåºŠ |
4 |
説æ |
ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã䜿ã£ãŠãã·ã§ã«ãã³ãã³ããå©çšã§ããã 察象ã¯Bashã·ã§ã«ãæ³å®ããŠããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- åäžã®ã·ã§ã«ã³ãã³ããš1è¡ã®é£ç¶ããã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠãã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ã§åºæ¬çãªäœæ¥ãå®è¡ããã
- ç°å¢å€æ°ã®å®çŸ©ãåç §ãããã³ãšã¯ã¹ããŒããå«ãã·ã§ã«ç°å¢ã®äœ¿çšãšå€æŽã
- ã³ãã³ãå±¥æŽã®äœ¿çšãšç·šéã
- å®çŸ©ããããã¹ã®å åŽãšå€åŽã®ã³ãã³ããåŒã³åºãã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- bash
- echo
- env
- export
- pwd
- set
- unset
- type
- which
- man
- uname
- history
- .bash_history
- åŒçš
103.2 ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããŠããã¹ãã¹ããªãŒã ãåŠçãã
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
ããã¹ãã¹ããªãŒã ã«ãã£ã«ã¿ãé©çšã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãšåºåã¹ããªãŒã ãããã¹ããŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ãã£ã«ã¿ã§éä¿¡ããŠãGNU textutilsããã±ãŒãžã«ããæšæºã®UNIXã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠåºåã倿ŽããŸãã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- bzcat
- cat
- cut
- head
- less
- md5sum
- nl
- od
- paste
- sed
- sha256sum
- sha512sum
- sort
- split
- tail
- tr
- uniq
- wc
- xzcat
- zcat
103.3 åºæ¬çãªãã¡ã€ã«ç®¡çãå®è¡ãã
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
åºæ¬çãªLinuxã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠããã¡ã€ã«ãšãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã管çã§ããå¿ èŠãæããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãã¡ã€ã«ãšãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãåå¥ã«ã³ããŒãç§»åãåé€ããã
- ååž°çã«è€æ°ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãšãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãã³ããŒããã
- ååž°çã«ãã¡ã€ã«ãšãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãåé€ããã
- ã·ã³ãã«ã§é«åºŠãªã¯ã€ã«ãã«ãŒã仿§ãã³ãã³ãã§äœ¿çšããã
- findã䜿çšããŠãçš®é¡ããµã€ãºããŸãã¯æéã«åºã¥ããŠãã¡ã€ã«ãæ€çŽ¢ããŠåŠçããã
- tarãcpioãddã®äœ¿ãæ¹ã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- cp
- find
- mkdir
- mv
- ls
- rm
- rmdir
- touch
- tar
- cpio
- dd
- file
- gzip
- gunzip
- bzip2
- bunzip2
- xz
- unxz
- ãã¡ã€ã«ã°ããã³ã°
103.4 ã¹ããªãŒã ããã€ãããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã䜿çšãã
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
ããã¹ãããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«åŠçããããã«ãã¹ããªãŒã ããªãã€ã¬ã¯ãããŠæ¥ç¶ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ã¯ãæšæºå ¥åãæšæºåºåãããã³æšæºãšã©ãŒã®ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ããããã³ãã³ ãã®åºåãå¥ã®ã³ãã³ãã®å ¥åã«ãã€ãããããã³ãã³ãã®åºåãå¥ã®ã³ãã³ãã®åŒæ°ãšããŠäœ¿çšããstdoutãšãã¡ã€ã«ã®äž¡æ¹ã«åºåãéããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- æšæºå ¥åãæšæºåºåãããã³æšæºãšã©ãŒã®ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã
- ããã³ãã³ãã®åºåããå¥ã®ã³ãã³ãã®å ¥åã«ãã€ãã§ã€ãªãã
- ããã³ãã³ãã®åºåãå¥ã®ã³ãã³ãã®åŒæ°ãšããŠäœ¿çšããã
- stdoutãšãã¡ã€ã«ã®äž¡æ¹ã«åºåãéãã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- tee
- xargs
103.5 ããã»ã¹ã®äœæãç£èŠãçµäº
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
åºæ¬çãªããã»ã¹ç®¡çãå®è¡ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãã©ã¢ã°ã©ãŠã³ããšããã¯ã°ã©ãŠã³ãã§ãžã§ããå®è¡ããã
- ãã°ã¢ãŠãåŸãããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡ãç¶ç¶ããã·ã°ãã«ãéä¿¡ããã
- ã¢ã¯ãã£ããªããã»ã¹ãç£èŠããã
- 衚瀺ããããã»ã¹ã®éžæãšãœãŒãããã
- ã·ã°ãã«ãããã»ã¹ã«éãã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- &
- bg
- fg
- jobs
- kill
- nohup
- ps
- top
- free
- uptime
- pgrep
- pkill
- killall
- watch
- screen
- tmux
103.6 ããã»ã¹å®è¡ã®åªå é äœã倿Žãã
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
ããã»ã¹ã®å®è¡åªå 床ã管çã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- äœæããããžã§ãã®ããã©ã«ãåªå é äœãç¥ãã
- ããã©ã«ããããé«ããŸãã¯äœãåªå é äœã§ããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ããã
- å®è¡äžã®ããã»ã¹ã®åªå 床ã倿Žããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- nice
- ps
- renice
- top
103.7 æ£èŠè¡šçŸã䜿ã£ãŠããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãæ€çŽ¢ãã
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
æ£èŠè¡šçŸã䜿çšããŠããã¡ã€ã«ãšããã¹ãããŒã¿ãæäœã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®èª²é¡ã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®è¡šèšèŠçŽ ãå«ãåçŽãªæ£èŠè¡šçŸãäœæããããšãå«ãŸããŸãããŸããæ£èŠè¡šçŸããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãŸãã¯ãã¡ã€ã«ã³ã³ãã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠæ€çŽ¢ãå®è¡ããããšãå«ãŸããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ããã€ãã®è¡šèšèŠçŽ ãå«ãåçŽãªæ£èŠè¡šçŸãäœæããã
- æšæºæ£èŠè¡šçŸãšæ¡åŒµæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®éããçè§£ããã
- ç¹æ®æåã»æåã¯ã©ã¹ã»æ°éè©ã»ã¢ã³ã«ãŒã®æŠå¿µãçè§£ããã
- æ£èŠè¡šçŸããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãŸãã¯ãã¡ã€ã«ã³ã³ãã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠæ€çŽ¢ãå®è¡ããã
- æ£èŠè¡šçŸãå©çšããŠãããã¹ãã®åé€ã倿Žã眮æãã§ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- grep
- egrep
- fgrep
- sed
- regex(7)
103.8 ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åºæ¬çãªç·šé
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
viã䜿çšããŠãããã¹ããã¡ã€ã«ãç·šéã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãã®èª²é¡ã¯ãviããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³ãåºæ¬çãªviã¢ãŒããæ¿å ¥ãç·šéãåé€ãã³ããŒãããã³ããã¹ãã®æ€çŽ¢ãå«ã¿ãŸãããã®ä»ãäžè¬çãªãšãã£ã¿ã®ç¥èãšããã©ã«ãã®ãšãã£ã¿ãšããŠèšå®ããç¥èãå¿ èŠã§ãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- viã䜿çšããŠããã¥ã¡ã³ããããã²ãŒãããã
- åºæ¬çãªviã¢ãŒãã䜿çšããã
- viã«ããããããã¹ãã®æ¿å ¥ãç·šéãåé€ãã³ããŒãæ€çŽ¢ã
- emacs, nano vimãªã©ã®ç¥èã
- ãšãã£ã¿ã®èšå®ã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- vi
- /, ?
- h,j,k,l
- i, o, a
- d, p, y, dd, yy
- ZZ, :w!, :q!
- ç°å¢å€æ°EDITOR
èª²é¡ 104: ããã€ã¹ãLinuxãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã éå±€æšæº
104.1 ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ãšãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãäœæãã
éèŠåºŠ |
2 |
説æ |
ãã£ã¹ã¯ããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ãæ§æããŠãããããŒããã£ã¹ã¯ãªã©ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãäœæããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ã¯ãã¹ã¯ããããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ã®åŠçãå«ãŸããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- MBRããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ããŒãã«ãGPTããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ããŒãã«ã管çããã
- ããŸããŸãªmkfsã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠã次ã®ãããªããŸããŸãªãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãäœæããŸã:
- ext2/ext3/ext4
- XFS
- VFAT
- exFAT
- ãã«ãããã€ã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãå§çž®ããµãããªã¥ãŒã ãå«ãBtrfsã®åºæ¬çãªç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- fdisk
- gdisk
- parted
- mkfs
- mkswap
104.2 ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®æŽåæ§ãç¶æãã
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
æšæºã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãšããžã£ãŒããªã³ã°ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã«é¢é£ããäœåãªããŒã¿ãç¶æã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®æŽåæ§ã確èªããã
- 空ãé åãšinodeãç£èŠããã
- ã·ã³ãã«ãªãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®åé¡ã修埩ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- du
- df
- fsck
- e2fsck
- mke2fs
- tune2fs
- xfs_repair
- xfs_fsr
- xfs_db
104.3 ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããŠã³ããšã¢ã³ããŠã³ã
éèŠåºŠ |
3 |
説æ |
ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããŠã³ããèšå®ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®æåããŠã³ããšã¢ã³ããŠã³ãã
- èµ·åæã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããŠã³ããèšå®ããã
- ãŠãŒã¶ãããŠã³ãå¯èœãªãªã ãŒããã«ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ãèšå®ããã
- ãã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ç¹å®ãšããŠã³ãã«å¿ èŠãªãã©ãã«ãšUUIDã®å©çšã
- systemdããŠã³ããŠãããã«ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/fstab
- /media/
- mount
- umount
- blkid
- lsblk
104.4 åé€ãããŸãã
104.5 ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ããŒããã·ã§ã³ãšæææš©ã管çãã
éèŠåºŠ |
3 |
説æ |
ããŒããã·ã§ã³ãšæææš©ãé©åã«äœ¿çšããŠãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¶åŸ¡ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- éåžžã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãšç¹å¥ãªãã¡ã€ã«ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©ã管çããã
- ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãç¶æããããã«ãsuidãsgidãã¹ãã£ãããŒããããªã©ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã¢ãŒãã䜿çšããã
- ãã¡ã€ã«äœæãã¹ã¯ã倿Žããæ¹æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠããã
- ã°ã«ãŒããã£ãŒã«ãã䜿çšããŠãã°ã«ãŒãã¡ã³ããŒãžã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãèš±å¯ããŸãã
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- chmod
- umask
- chown
- chgrp
104.6 ããŒããªã³ã¯ãšã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ã®äœæãšå€æŽ
éèŠåºŠ |
2 |
説æ |
ãã¡ã€ã«ãžã®ããŒããªã³ã¯ãšã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ãäœæããŠç®¡çã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãªã³ã¯ãäœæããã
- ããŒãããã³/ãŸãã¯ãœãããªã³ã¯ãç¹å®ããã
- ã³ããŒãšãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãªã³ã¯ã
- ãªã³ã¯ã䜿çšããŠã·ã¹ãã 管çã¿ã¹ã¯ããµããŒãããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- ln
- ls
104.7 ã·ã¹ãã ãã¡ã€ã«ãæ€çŽ¢ãããã¡ã€ã«ãæ£ããå Žæã«é 眮ãã
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
äžè¬çãªãã¡ã€ã«ã®å Žæããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã®åé¡ãªã©ããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã éå±€æšæº(FHS)ã«ç²ŸéããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- FHSã§ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®æ£ããå Žæãçè§£ããã
- Linuxã·ã¹ãã ã§ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãšã³ãã³ãã®æ€çŽ¢ã
- FHSã§å®çŸ©ãããŠãããéèŠãªãã¡ã€ã«ãšãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã®å Žæãšç®çãçè§£ããã
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- find
- locate
- updatedb
- whereis
- which
- type
- /etc/updatedb.conf
詊éšç¯å²: è©Šéš 102
èª²é¡ 105: ã·ã§ã«ãã¹ã¯ãªãã
105.1 ã·ã§ã«ç°å¢ãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºããŠäœ¿çšãã
éèŠåºŠ |
4 |
説æ |
ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ããŒãºãæºããããã«ã·ã§ã«ç°å¢ãã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸããã°ããŒãã«ããã³ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãããã¡ã€ã«ã倿Žã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãã°ã€ã³æãæ°ããã·ã§ã«ã®äœææã«ç°å¢å€æ°(PATHãªã©)ãèšå®ããã
- é »ç¹ã«äœ¿çšãããã³ãã³ãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã®ããã®Bash颿°ã®äœæã
- æ°ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¢ã«ãŠã³ãã®ã¹ã±ã«ãã³ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãç¶æããã
- é©åãªãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã§ã³ãã³ãæ€çŽ¢ãã¹ãèšå®ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- .
- source
- /etc/bash.bashrc
- /etc/profile
- env
- export
- set
- unset
- ~/.bash_profile
- ~/.bash_login
- ~/.profile
- ~/.bashrc
- ~/.bash_logout
- function
- alias
105.2 ç°¡åãªã¹ã¯ãªãããã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºãã
éèŠåºŠ |
4 |
説æ |
åè£è ã¯æ¢åã®ã¹ã¯ãªãããã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºããããåçŽãªæ°ããBashã¹ã¯ãªãããæžãããšãã§ããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- æšæºã®shæ§æã䜿çšãã(ã«ãŒãããã¹ã)ã
- ã³ãã³ã眮æã䜿çšããã
- æåãŸãã¯å€±æã®æ»ãå€ããŸãã¯ã³ãã³ãã«ãã£ãŠæäŸããããã®ä»ã®æ å ±ããã¹ãããã
- é£ç¶ããã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããã
- ã¹ãŒããŒãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«æ¡ä»¶ä»ãã¡ãŒãªã³ã°ãå®è¡ããã
- ã·ãã³(#!)è¡ã䜿ã£ãŠã¹ã¯ãªããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãæ£ããéžæããã
- ã¹ã¯ãªããã®å Žæãæææš©ãå®è¡ãsuid-rightsã管çããã
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- for
- while
- test
- if
- read
- seq
- exec
- ||
- &&
èª²é¡ 106: ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãšãã¹ã¯ããã
106.1 X11ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãšèšå®
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
X11ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠèšå®ã§ããã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- X11ã®åºæ¬çãªæ§æã®çè§£ã
- X Windowèšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åºæ¬çãªçè§£ãšç¥èã
- ããŒããŒãã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããªã©ã®ãXorgã®èšå®ã«å¯ŸããŠè¿œå ã®èšå®ãèšè¿°ããã
- ãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãããŒãžã£ããŠã€ã³ããŠãããŒãžã£ãªã©ã®ããã¹ã¯ãããç°å¢ã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã®çè§£ã
- ãªã¢ãŒãXãµãŒãã®ãXãµãŒããšãã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®ç®¡çã
- Waylandã®ç¥èã
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
- ~/.xsession-errors
- xhost
- xauth
- DISPLAY
- X
106.2 ã°ã©ãã£ã«ã«ãã¹ã¯ããã
éèŠåºŠ |
1 |
説æ |
äž»èŠãªLinuxã®ãã¹ã¯ãããã®ç¥èãå¿ èŠãšãããããã«ããªã¢ãŒãã®ãã¹ã¯ãããã»ãã·ã§ã³ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããããã®ãããã³ã«ã®ç¥èãå¿ èŠã§ããã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- äž»èŠãªãã¹ã¯ãããç°å¢ã®ç¥è
- ãªã¢ãŒããã¹ã¯ããã»ãã·ã§ã³ãžã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããããã®ãããã³ã«ã®ç¥è
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- KDE
- Gnome
- Xfce
- X11
- XDMCP
- VNC
- Spice
- RDP
106.3 ã¢ã¯ã»ã·ããªãã£
ç·éé |
1 |
説æ |
ã¢ã¯ã»ã·ããªãã£æè¡ã®ç¥èãšæèã瀺ãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ããžã¥ã¢ã«èšå®ãšããŒãã®åºç€ç¥èã
- è£å©æè¡ã®åºç€ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- é«ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ããã©ãŒãžããªã³ããã¹ã¯ãããããŒã
- Screen Reader.
- Braille Display.
- Screen Magnifier.
- On-Screen Keyboard.
- Sticky/Repeat keys.
- Slow/Bounce/Toggle keys.
- Mouse keys.
- ãžã§ã¹ãã£ãŒ
- é³å£°èªè
èª²é¡ 107: 管çã¿ã¹ã¯
107.1 ãŠãŒã¶ãŒããã³ã°ã«ãŒãã¢ã«ãŠã³ããšé¢é£ããã·ã¹ãã ãã¡ã€ã«ã管çãã
ç·éé |
5 |
説æ |
ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¢ã«ãŠã³ãã®è¿œå ãåé€ãäžæåæ¢ãããã³å€æŽãå¯èœã§ããããšã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãšã°ã«ãŒãã®è¿œå ã倿Žãåé€ã
- ãã¹ã¯ãŒã/ã°ã«ãŒãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒ/ã°ã«ãŒãæ å ±ã管çããã
- å°çšã¢ã«ãŠã³ããšéå®ã¢ã«ãŠã³ãã®äœæãšç®¡çã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/group
- /etc/skel/
- chage
- getent
- groupadd
- groupdel
- groupmod
- passwd
- useradd
- userdel
- usermod
107.2 ãžã§ãã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«èšå®ã«ããã·ã¹ãã 管çã¿ã¹ã¯ã®èªåå
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
cronãŸãã¯anacronã䜿çšããŠå®æçã«ãžã§ããå®è¡ããatã䜿çšããŠç¹å®ã®æéã«ãžã§ããå®è¡ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- cronãšatã®ãžã§ãã管çããã
- cronããã³ãµãŒãã¹ãžã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãæ§æããã
- systemdã¿ã€ããŒãŠãããã®çè§£ã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/
- /etc/at.deny
- /etc/at.allow
- /etc/crontab
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
- /var/spool/cron/
- crontab
- at
- atq
- atrm
- systemctl
- systemd-run
107.3 ããŒã«ãªãŒãŒã·ã§ã³ãšåœéå
ç·éé
|
3 |
説æ |
è±èªãšã¯ç°ãªãèšèªã§ã·ã¹ãã ãããŒã«ã©ã€ãºã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã åæ§ã«ããªãã¹ã¯ãªãããèšè¿°ããéã«ãLANG=Cã䟿å©ãªã®ããçè§£ããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãã±ãŒã«èšå®ãšç°å¢å€æ°ãèšå®ããã
- ã¿ã€ã ãŸãŒã³èšå®ãšç°å¢å€æ°ãèšå®ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /usr/share/zoneinfo/
- LC_*
- LC_ALL
- LANG
- TZ
- /usr/bin/locale
- tzselect
- timedatectl
- date
- iconv
- UTF-8
- ISO-8859
- ASCII
- ãŠãã³ãŒã
èª²é¡ 108: å¿ é ã·ã¹ãã ãµãŒãã¹
108.1 ã·ã¹ãã æå»ã管çãã
éèŠåºŠ |
3 |
説æ |
ã·ã¹ãã æéãé©åã«ç¶æããNTPãä»ããŠã¯ããã¯ãåæãããããšãã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ã·ã¹ãã ã®æ¥ä»ãšæå»ãèšå®ããã
- ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¯ããã¯ãUTCã§æ£ããæå»ã«èšå®ããã
- æ£ããã¿ã€ã ãŸãŒã³ãèšå®ããã
- ntpdãšchronyãå©çšãããåºæ¬çãªNTPèšå®ã
- pool.ntp.orgãµãŒãã¹ã®äœ¿çšã«é¢ããç¥èã
- ntpqã³ãã³ãã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /usr/share/zoneinfo/
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /etc/ntp.conf
- /etc/chrony.conf
- date
- hwclock
- timedatectl
- ntpd
- ntpdate
- chronyc
- pool.ntp.org
108.2 ã·ã¹ãã ãã®ã³ã°
éèŠåºŠ |
4 |
説æ |
rsyslogãèšå®ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®èª²é¡ã«ã¯ãäžå€®ã®ãã°ãµãŒããžãã°åºåãéãããã«ãã°ããŒã¢ã³ãèšå®ããããäžå€®ã®ãã°ãµãŒãããã°åºåãåãåãããã«èšå®ã§ããããšãå«ãŸããŸããsystemdãžã£ãŒãã«ãµãã·ã¹ãã ã®å©çšãå«ãŸããŸãã代æ¿ã®ãã®ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠã®ãsyslogãšsyslog-ngã®ç¥èãå«ãŸããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- rsyslogã®åºæ¬çãªèšå®ã
- æšæºçãªãã¡ã·ãªãã£ãããããã£ãã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®çè§£ã
- systemdãžã£ãŒãã«ãžã®åãåããã
- æ¥ä»ã»ãµãŒãã¹ã»åªå 床ãªã©ã«ããsystemdãžã£ãŒãã«ã®ããŒã¿ããã£ã«ã¿ããã
- æ°žç¶systemdãžã£ãŒãã«ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžãšãžã£ãŒãã«ãµã€ãºã®èšå®ããã
- systemdã®å€ããžã£ãŒãã«ããŒã¿ãåé€ããã
- ã¬ã¹ãã¥ãŒã·ã¹ãã ããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ã³ããŒãããsystemdãžã£ãŒãã«ããŒã¿ãæ¢ãã
- systemd-journaldã®rsyslogã®ããåããçè§£ããŠããã
- logrotateã®èšå®ã
- syslogãšsyslog-ngã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/rsyslog.conf
- /var/log/
- logger
- logrotate
- /etc/logrotate.conf
- /etc/logrotate.d/
- journalctl
- systemd-cat
- /etc/systemd/journald.conf
- /var/log/journal/
108.3 ã¡ãŒã«è»¢éãšãŒãžã§ã³ã(MTA)ã®åºæ¬
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
äžè¬çã«å©çšå¯èœãªMTAããã°ã©ã ã®ç¥èãæã¡ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããã¹ãäžã§åºæ¬çãªè»¢éããã³ãšã€ãªã¢ã¹èšå®ãå®è¡ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã ãã®ä»ã®èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯å¯Ÿè±¡å€ã§ãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- é»åã¡ãŒã«ãšã€ãªã¢ã¹ãäœæããã
- é»åã¡ãŒã«è»¢éãæ§æããã
- äžè¬çã«å©çšå¯èœãªMTAããã°ã©ã (postfix, sendmail, exim)ã«é¢ããç¥è(èšå®ãªã)ã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- ~/.forward
- sendmail emulation layer commands
- newaliases
- mailq
- postfix
- sendmail
- exim
108.4 ããªã³ã¿ã®ç®¡çãšå°å·
ç·éé |
2 |
説æ |
CUPSãšLPDäºæã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã䜿çšããŠå°å·ãã¥ãŒãšãŠãŒã¶ãŒå°å·ãžã§ãã管çã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- åºæ¬çãªCUPSèšå®(ããŒã«ã«ããªã³ã¿ãšãªã¢ãŒãããªã³ã¿çš)ã
- ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®å°å·ãã¥ãŒã管çããã
- äžè¬çãªå°å·ã®åé¡ã®ãã©ãã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã
- æ§ææžã¿ã®ããªã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãããžã§ãã远å ããã³åé€ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities
- /etc/cups/
- lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)
èª²é¡ 109: ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®åºç€
109.1 ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããããã³ã«ã®åºç€
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
TCP/IPãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®åºç€ãæ£ããçè§£ããŠããããšã蚌æããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãã¹ã¯ãšCIDR衚èšã®çè§£ã瀺ãã
- ãã©ã€ããŒããšãããªã㯠"ãããä»ãã¯ã¯ãã" IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®éãã«ã€ããŠã®ç¥èã
- äžè¬çãªTCPããã³UDPããŒããšãµãŒãã¹ã«é¢ããç¥è(20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995)ã
- UDPãTCPãICMPã®éããšäž»èŠãªç¹åŸŽã«ã€ããŠã®ç¥èã
- IPv4ãšIPv6ã®äž»ãªéãã®ç¥èã
- IPv6ã®åºæ¬æ©èœã«é¢ããç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/services
- IPv4, IPv6
- Subnetting
- TCP, UDP, ICMP
109.2 åºæ¬çãªãããã¯ãŒã¯æ§æ
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
Linuxãã¹ãäžã®åºæ¬çãªãããã¯ãŒã¯èšå®ã管çã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- åºæ¬çãªãã¹ãã®TCP/IPèšå®ã®çè§£ã
- NetworkManagerãå©çšãããethernetãšwi-fiãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®èšå®ã
- systemd-networkdã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/hostname
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- /etc/resolv.conf
- nmcli
- hostnamectl
- ifup
- ifdown
109.3 åºæ¬çãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ãã©ãã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
åè£è ã¯ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããã¹ãäžã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®åé¡ã®ãã©ãã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãè¡ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®è¿œå ãéå§ã忢ãåèµ·åãåé€ããŸãã¯åæ§æãå«ãããã«ãiproute2ãçšããŠãããã¯ãŒã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®æåèšå®ã§ããã
- ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããŒãã«ãæåã§èªåçã«æ§æãã ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããŒãã«ã倿Žã衚瀺ããŸãã¯æ§æããäžé©åã«èšå®ãããããã©ã«ãã«ãŒãããiproute2ãçšããŠæåã§ä¿®æ£ããã
- ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ§æã«é¢é£ãããããã°ã®åé¡ã
- net-toolsã³ãã³ãã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- ip
- hostname
- ss
- ping
- ping6
- traceroute
- traceroute6
- tracepath
- tracepath6
- netcat
- ifconfig
- netstat
- route
109.4 ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãåŽã®DNSãèšå®ãã
éèŠåºŠ |
2 |
説æ |
ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããã¹ãã§DNSãèšå®ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ãªã¢ãŒãDNSãµãŒããŒãåãåãããã
- ããŒã«ã«åè§£æ±ºãæ§æãããªã¢ãŒãDNSãµãŒããŒã䜿çšããã
- åå解決ãè¡ãããé åºã倿Žããã
- åå解決ã«é¢ãããšã©ãŒããããã°ããã
- systemd-resolvedã®ç¥èã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- host
- dig
- getent
èª²é¡ 110: ã»ãã¥ãªãã£
110.1 ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ç®¡çã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ãã
ç·éé |
3 |
説æ |
ããŒã«ã«ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ããªã·ãŒã«åŸã£ãŠãã¹ãã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãä¿èšŒããããã«ã·ã¹ãã æ§æã確èªããæ¹æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- suid / sgidããããã»ããããããã¡ã€ã«ãèŠã€ããã·ã¹ãã ãç£æ»ããã
- ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãã¹ã¯ãŒããšãã¹ã¯ãŒããšãŒãžã³ã°æ å ±ã®èšå®ãŸãã¯å€æŽã
- nmapãšnetstatã䜿ã£ãŠã·ã¹ãã äžã®ãªãŒãã³ããŒããçºèŠã§ããããšã
- ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ãã°ã€ã³ãããã»ã¹ãããã³ã¡ã¢ãªã®äœ¿çšã«é¢ããå¶éãèšå®ããã
- ã©ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãã·ã¹ãã ã«ãã°ã€ã³ããããšããããããŸãã¯çŸåšãã°ã€ã³ããŠãããŠãŒã¶ãŒãå€å¥ããã
- åºæ¬çãªsudoã®èšå®ãšäœ¿ãæ¹ã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- find
- passwd
- fuser
- lsof
- nmap
- chage
- netstat
- sudo
- /etc/sudoers
- su
- usermod
- ulimit
- who, w, last
110.2 ãã¹ãã®ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãèšå®ãã
éèŠåºŠ |
3 |
説æ |
åºæ¬ã¬ãã«ã®ãã¹ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãèšå®ããæ¹æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- ã·ã£ããŠãã¹ã¯ãŒãã®ç¥èãšãã®åäœã
- 䜿çšããŠããªããããã¯ãŒã¯ãµãŒãã¹ãç¡å¹ã«ããã
- TCP wrapperã®åœ¹å²ãçè§£ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- /etc/nologin
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/xinetd.d/
- /etc/xinetd.conf
- systemd.socket
- /etc/inittab
- /etc/init.d/
- /etc/hosts.allow
- /etc/hosts.deny
110.3 æå·åã«ããããŒã¿ã®ä¿è·
ç·éé |
4 |
説æ |
å ¬é鵿è¡ã䜿çšããŠããŒã¿ãšéä¿¡ãä¿è·ããããšãã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã |
äž»ãªç¥èåé:
- åºæ¬çãªOpenSSH 2ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®èšå®ãšäœ¿çšæ³ãå®è¡ããã
- OpenSSH 2ãµãŒãã®ãã¹ãéµã®åœ¹å²ãçè§£ããã
- åºæ¬çãªGnuPGã®èšå®ã»å©çšã»å»æ£ã®å®è¡ã
- åºæ¬çãªGnuPGã®èšå®ãäœ¿çšæ³ãåæ¶ããå®è¡ããã
- SSHããŒããã³ãã«(X11ãã³ãã«ãå«ã)ã«ã€ããŠçè§£ããã
çšèªãšãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£:
- ssh
- ssh-keygen
- ssh-agent
- ssh-add
- ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key and ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
- ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
- ssh_known_hosts
- gpg
- gpg-agent
- ~/.gnupg/
Future Change Considerations
Future changes to the objective will/may include:
- Remove ifup/ifdown and legacy net-tools command
- Remove TCP wrappers